The development and application of vacuum science

People may be influenced by the translation of foreign books and periodicals. Usually when reviewing the history of vacuum science, they often mistakenly believe that the pressure experiment of Torriselli in 1643 and the invention of the aspirator by Glick in 1650 are the earliest discoveries of the phenomenon of vacuum. In fact, as early as the sixth century BC, my country adopted the wind box blasting method in iron smelting technology. At that time, the wind box was called "鞲鞴". During the Warring States Period, the book "Lao Zi's Tao Te Ching" stated that "Yan Ying" was unyielding and unyielding. This is a recorded description of the use of the principle of vacuum suction. This device was not invented until the 16th century in Europe. The “cupping” medical method created by the Jin Dynasty alchemist and doctor Ge Hong (218-36 AD) in the "elbow reserve emergency prescription" introduced by the use of the thermal expansion and contraction of gas, is precisely the vacuum technology in medicine. Specific examples of application. Because the phenomenon that occurs in a cupping jar is a perfect process of obtaining and applying vacuum. This method of obtaining vacuum is even more than that obtained by Torrisi using mercury to drive away the atmosphere in the glass tube. Gaoming. Because burning paper in the tank heats the atmosphere, it can not only drive away part of the atmosphere in the tank, but also burn off the oxygen in the tank, which can generate a vacuum of at least four-fifths of the atmospheric pressure in the tank. That is equivalent. In the tank, a low pressure of 6 × 104 Pa is obtained. As for the comparison between Glick’s air extractor and the wind box air extraction used in ancient China, the air extraction principle is the same. However, in China’s "Tiangong Kaiwu" book The recorded use of "wind box blasting iron making" is at least several hundred years earlier than Glick's extraction of the gas in his "metal hemisphere". Therefore, when we review the development of vacuum science, we should not forget us. Ancestors and contributions to the development of vacuum technology in the early stages of mankind.